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Gymnocladus dioicus is a large, deciduous tree native to the central United States, typically growing 40-70 feet tall with an equal or greater spread. It is the sole native species in the Gymnocladus genus, which belongs to the pea family. The Kentucky Coffeetree is known for its unique, bold appearance, with coarse, open branching and large, bipinnately compound leaves that can reach up to 3 feet long. The leaves emerge late in spring, often after many other trees have leafed out, and turn an attractive yellow in fall before dropping. Gymnocladus dioicus is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers occur on separate trees. In early summer, the male trees produce hanging clusters of small, greenish-white flowers, while the female trees bear shorter, more compact flower clusters that later develop into large, thick seed pods. These 6-10 inch long pods start out green and turn brown as they mature, eventually splitting open to reveal the large, coffee bean-like seeds that gave the tree its common name. Preferring deep, fertile, well-drained soils, the Kentucky Coffeetree thrives in full sun to partial shade. It is adaptable to a range of soil types and has high drought tolerance, making it a hardy, low-maintenance choice for urban and suburban landscapes. The tree's strong, durable wood has been used for furniture and construction, while the seeds were historically roasted and used as a coffee substitute. With its striking, tropical-looking foliage, unique branching habit, and tolerance of challenging growing conditions, Gymnocladus dioicus is an interesting and underutilized native tree for parks, large gardens, and streetscapes. Its ability to withstand air pollution and drought also make it a valuable urban tree.
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Deciduous, Drought Tolerant, Fragrant Flowers, Full Sun, Low Maintenance, Medium, Medium, Normal Soil, Perennial, Shade Tree, Showy Flowers, Street Tree, Tolerant of Moist Soil, Tolerant of Poor Soil, Well-Drained Soil, Woodland Garden Bareroot Trees, Fast Growing Trees, Large Trees, Shade Trees, Tall Trees
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North Shore Plant Club
